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Antenna of Tanytarsini is on the high pedestal. Antennae are characeristic
each., and Tanytarsini is classified roughly by the charasteristic..
Premandible and claws of posterior parapod have characteristic each ,too.
SⅠis plumose, SⅡis long slender plumose. The both side of 4th ～9th body
segment have setal tufts.
| antenna / pedestal | mentum / mandible |
premandible / pecten epipharyngis |
claws of posterior parapod | distribution others |
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| Tanytarsus ヒゲユスリカ |
Lauterborn organ small, pedicel long., beyond the top of 5th segment. Apical spur of the pedestal present or absent. |
Lateral teeth 5 pairs, arranged to low mountain shape. | ・Premandible with 3～５ teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 distally serrated scales. |
10 or more simlpe claws arranged in circle |
widely distributed in Japan. about 20 species.. |
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| Virgatanytarsus |
ditto Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
ditto | ditto | Claws 10 or more , several claws with strong hooklets. | widely distributed in Japan.. three species. River Tama, Gonokawa , Ituki etc. |
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| Rheotanytarsus ナガレユスリカ |
Lauterborn orga small, pedicel long but not beyond the top of the 5th
segment. Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
ditto | ・Premandible with 2 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 distally serrated scales or a simple broad comb. |
10 or more simple claws arranged in circle. . | widely distributed in Japan. 10 or more species pentagonal fixed larval case |
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| Micropsectra ナガスネユスリカ |
Ｌａｕｔｅｒｂｏｒｎ organ is the same as one of Tａｎｙｔａｒｓｕs Apical spur of the pedestal present. |
central 3 teeth same size | ・Premandible with 2 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 distally serrated scales. |
10 or more simple claws or , double or three-layered horseshoe shape of about 30～50 claws |
widely distributed in Japan. 20 or more species |
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| Paratanytarsus ニセヒゲユスリカ |
Lauterborn organ a large., but not beyond the 3rd segment ,pedicel short. Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
lateral teeth 5pairs | ・Premandible with 2 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 long, triangular scales with several teeth.. |
10 or more simple claws . | widely distributed in Japan. 3 species.. |
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| Cladotanytarsus エダヒゲユスリカ |
Lauterborn's organ very large. Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
lateral teeth 5pairs, middle 3 teeth arranged mountain shape |
・Premandible with 3 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 scales with several teeth.. |
10 or more claws , several claws with strong hooklet. |
widely distributed in Japan. several species. |
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| Neozavrelia | The psdicel of Lauterborn's organ thick, the same as the top of the antenna
in length Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
lateral teeth 4～5 pairs , dorsal side of mandible with big convex |
・Premandible with 2 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 distally serrated scales or a simple broad comb. |
10 or more simple claws | widely distributed in Japan. several species. |
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| Stempellinella ケミゾユスリカ |
The very large Lauterborn's organ on the base and the top of the 2nd segment. Long apical spur of the pedestal present. |
lateral teeth 6～7 pairs, ventromental plate fan shape. dorsal side of mandible with big convex |
・Premandible with 2 .～４teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 long, triangular scales. |
10 or more simple claws. | two species River Takahasi,and River Kamo(Mie pref.) |
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| Stempellina ムナコブヒゲユスリカ |
Lauterborn's organ very large. Apical supur and the large palm project with 10 or more fingers on the pedestal. |
lateral teeth 4～5 pairs ventromental plate sideway long and slender fan shape. |
・Premandible with 3 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 scales with several teeth.. |
very small about 10 or more claws. Procercus with many pointed thorns. anal setae strong, and bifid or weakly plumose. |
widely distributed in Japan. several species. Portable larval case made of fine sand grain Dorsal surface of head with numerous miliary-like projections |
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| Corynocera | Ｌａｕｔｅｒｂｏｒｎ organ is the same as one of Tａｎｙｔａｒｓｕs Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
Lateral teeth 4 pairs Dorsal teeth of mandible double . |
・Premandible slender ,with 2 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 triangular scales . |
10 or more small claws | lake Akan Panke |
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| Pontomyia | .The heights of the pedestal 1/2 of the basal segment. Lauterborn's oargan absent. Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
Lateral teeth 4 pairs | ・ Premandible with 5 teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 scales with several teeth.. |
very small about 30 claws arranged in double horseshoe shape | lake Notoro(Hokkaido) | |
| Nimbocella | The pedicel of Lauterborn's organ very long , spirally thickened for about2/3 of their length. Apical spur of the pedestal absent. |
Lateral teeth 5 pairs , central tooth slightly large. Mandible with 2 inner teeth. |
・Premandible with 3teeth. and one projection on dorsal side. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 scales with several teeth.. |
16 claws pale yellow | Venezuera | |
| Tanytarsini Genus TA | Luterborn' organ large , The pedicel the same as the 3rd segmen in length
, thick.. |
Lateral teeth 5 pairs . | ・Premandible with ４ teeth. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 ～4 cales with several teeth.. |
16 claws pale yellow | lake Biwa | |
Tanytarsus
Medium size larvae ５～１０ｍｍ, Pale orange ～red . About 20 or more species
in Japan.
Pedicel of Lauterborn's organ varies according to species .
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| Pedicel of Lb organn long. Antennal pedestal with spur or without. |
Ventromental plates nallowly separated medially , somewhat wider than mentum. |
Pecten epipharyngis with three lobes , each has several teeth. |
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１ Antenna ２ Mentum ３ Mandible ４ Labrum：premandible with 3 ～5 teeth. ５ Setae of clypeus ６ Maxilla ７ Postccipital margin : ventral side ８ Anal setae and procercus ９ Setae tufts of abdominal segment ・Claws of posterior parapods all simple. |
Larvae of Ｒｈｅｏｔａｎｙｔａｒｓｕｓ make a nest as shown in the following figure. Small larvae , up to ５ｍｍ. light orange in color. Claws of posterior parapods all simple.
I checked ten or more species in Japan.
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| Pedical of antenna short, not beyond apex of antenna . |
Ventromental plate strongly curved, | Premandibe distally bifid |
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・ＳⅠplumose ,, ＳⅡ long plumose ・Labral lamella large, curtain-like. ・ Pecten epipharyngis divided into 3 brocks or connected with one . ・Side of 5～9 abdominal segments with setal tufts. ・ With 8 anal setae . |
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Medium size larva ４～７ｍｍ, pale orange in color. Although this many which
inhabit a pellcid water area , there sre some which inhabit the bottom
of a lake with a depth 150 ～300m ( Lake towada, Lake mashuu). I checked
10 or more species in Japan.
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Micropsectra has 2types according to form of claws of posterior parapod.
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| Micropsectra：Median tooth notched, somewhat paler than lateral teeth. Ventromental plates close medially. | Antenna 5 segments, placed on large pedestal , usually bearing more or less distinct spur. | Posterior parapod usually with dense 'hoseshoe' of claws, all simple in multiple rows., occationally with few claws in simple 'hoseshoe'. |
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・ Setal tufts on the postrior extriemity , both sides of abdominal segment 5 ～9. |
Paratanytarsus
Medium size larvae about ５mm, pale orange. Although I recognised three
kinds of Paratanytarsus in the country, as Paratanytarsus resemble closely
to Lithotanytarsus it is necessory to reexamine
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| Paratanytarsus:Median tooth rounded with 5 pairs of lateral teeyh. Ventromental plates
medially separated by less than width of median tooth., slightly wider
than mentum. |
Paratanytarsus：Lauterborn's organs roughly as long as segment. 3. Pedicel very short. | ＳⅠ: comb-like, bases fused. Pecten epipharyngis consisting 3 finger-like lobes. |
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・Pedicel of Ｌauterborn very short or absent. ・Mentum rounded ・Mandible with 2 or 3 lateral teeth. Seta subdentalis long. ・ＳⅠ:plumose ・ＳⅡ:long plumose (upper right phot) or strong needle -like (left fig.) ・Lateral side of body with setal tufts. |
Cladotanytarsus
Body length ４～６mm. Antenna o.6～0.7 times of head length. Several spacies
founded in Japan. Larrge Lauterborn's organ and claws of posterior parapod
with serrated inner margin are characteristic of Cladotanytarsus.
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| Mentum with 3 median tooth, rounded. with 5 pairs of lateral teeth . | Lauterborn's organ on tip of segment 2. very large | Cladotanytarsus：several claws of posterior parapod serrated |
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Larrge Lauterborn organ and claws of posterior parapod with serrated inner margin are characteristic of Cladotanytarsus. |
Body length up to 5 mm., pale orange in color. Found in Kawabe river (Ituki vir. Kumamoto prf.) and Amahuri river in Kagoshima pref. Ph.3.8 in later place.
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| Median tooth of mentum rounded , with 5 pairs of lateral teeth. | Lateral teeth of mandible with 2 or 3 inner teeth. | Posterior parapods with some very characteristic claws which bear a pad or row of very strong hooklets in addition to usual simple hooks. |
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Virgatanytarsus resemble to Tanytarsus, except for claws of posterior parapods. A number of claws with hooklets of Virgatanytarsus is more than Cladotanytarsus. |
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| Tanytarsus and Virgatanytarsus are difficult to classify except for claws of posterior parapods. |
Ｎｅｏｚａｖｒｅｌｉａ distribute widely in Japan. Several spacies found. I caught it bottom of Lake Shikotu of 100m.
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| Median tooth and 1st. lateral tooth same length Lateral teeth 4 pairs. Ventromental plate is not so thin and long as other Tanytarsini. |
Pedicel of Lauterborn organ thick. Lauterborn organ large relatively. |
Mandible with a large hump on dorsal side. |
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・ Antenna : Pedicel of Lauterborn's organ as long as the tip of antenna. ・ Lateral teeth of mentum with 4～5 pairs.. ・ Dorsal side of mandible with a large hump. ・ Pecten epipharyngis 10 or more teeth connected ,or divited 3 blocks. ・ The tip of premandible divited into 2. ・ Claws of posterior parapod not serrated. ・ procercus with 8 anal setae ・ 5th ～9th segments with setal tufts |
Stempellinella
Small larvae ,up to ３ｍｍ long. These larvae caught in River Takahashi(Okayama
pref.) nad River Kamo (Mie prf. Toba) in Japan. Additionaly in Kamchatka
too.
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| Stempellinella： 2 Lauterborn's organs intergrow in lower part 1/3 and the tip of segment 2. Blade longer than tip of antenna.、 | Stempellinella : Mediantooth of mentum notched or rounded, lateral teeth 6～7 pairs. | |
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Stempellinella ・Lauterborn organs intergrow on segment 2. Lauterborn's organ of Stempellinella is different from Cladotanytarsus in this point. Apical spur of pedestal of Stempellinella is much large than spur of Micropsectra. ・Median tooth of mentum pale yellow, lateral teeth (6～7pairs ) brown. Ventromental plate fan shape ,radial line clear. ・Drosal side of mandible with a hump. ・ＳⅠ: comb shape.、ＳⅡ: plumose , situated on tall oedestal. Labral lamella well developed. ・Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 long ,slender, triangular. Premandible with 2～4 slender apical teeth. ・5th ～9th segments with setal tufts. ・anal setae with 3 or 4. |
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Larva of Stempellina constract long, curved transportable cases. These larvae found several rivers in Japan.。
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| Larvae constract long portable case by small sand. | Drosal surface of head capsule with many knob-like processes. | Lateral sides, back end of 5th ～9th segments with setal tufts . |
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| Mentum with 3 median teeth and 4～5pairs lateral teeth. . 。 |
Antenna with 5 segments placed on prominent pedistal bearing palmate process
mesally, sometimes also with well developed apical spur in addition. Lauterborn's organ large . |
:Procercus with 7 strong annal setae, some setae bifid or weakly plumose . Procercus side with much thorny projections |
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１：head : Drosal surface of head capsule with many knob-like processes. ２：Antenna: Lauterborn orga :large. degitate projection and Apical spur large ３：mentum ４：mandible with 2 inner teeth ５：front edge of labral screlite ６：labro-epipharyngeal region ７：tuft of body segments ８：maxilary palp ９：procercus and anal setae、anal tubules situate under segment 12 １０：claws of anterior parapod |
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Corynocera
This larva was found on bottom of Lake-Panke ( Hokkaido: depth 30m, ４℃、ｐＨ６．４）
Body length ５ｍｍ, pale orange in color. Length of antenna 6 times of head.
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| Mentum : median tooth large, 4 pairs lateral teeth. | Mandible : drosal teeth double, with 3 inner teeth. | Antenna : 5 segments. antenna ratio-2.6 pedicel of Lauterborn organ 3 times of segment 2. |
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・ＳⅠ: plumose. apex of ＳⅡ: thin, plumose ・labral lamella large ・pacten epipharyngis : triangul , 3 lobes Apex of premandible bifid ・anal setae : 8 |
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１：antanna ２：mentum ３：mandible ４：labro-epipharyngeal region ５：maxilla pulp ６：claws of posterir parapod ７：claws of anterior parapod ８：anal setae |
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This larva was found in Merida Zoo in Venezera .Not found in Japan.
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| Pedicels of Lauterborn organs very long , spirally thickened for about 2/3 of their length. | ||
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１：antenna ２：apex of antenna ３：mentum ４：labro-epipharyngeal region ５：ventral view of end bihind of head ６：mandible ７：procercus ８：claws of posterior parapod |
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